How The Student Athlete Stereotype May Affect An...

Stereotypes of Athletes I am a girl. I am blonde. I am a college student. I am an athlete. I am a girl, so I am only concerned with my physical appearance. I am blonde, so I am unintelligent and gullible. I am a college student, so I go out and party every weekend. I am an athlete, so I do not do well in school. Stereotype: â€Å"To believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same† (merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stereotype). Everyone, some way or somehow, falls under some sort of stereotype whether it is positive or negative. Throughout my life, I personally have been affected negatively by the stereotype of being a student-athlete through high school and also here at college. Therefore, in this essay, I will explain how the student-athlete stereotype may affect an individual negatively not only in academics or athletics, but also mentally. I will also prove that the stereotype is, for the most part, a false representation of student-at hletes. There are about 460,000 student-athletes across the country that are registered through NCAA that participate in about 23 different sports (ncaa.org/student-athletes). A student-athlete is defined as a student who is enrolled at a four year institution and whose enrollment was solicited by a member of the athletics staff or other representative of athletics interests with a view toward the student s participation in the intercollegiate athletics programShow MoreRelatedAre African Americans Athletes Viewed More Negative Media? Essay1812 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Design Are African Americans athletes viewed more negative in the media, compared to white athletes? In this research design I will be researching articles and other media to see if African American athletes are viewed negative, or stereotyped compared to articles or media written about white athletes. I feel this is important because when the public is reading or viewing these articles, they are taking those negatives and stereotypes and applying them to all African American or other racialRead MorePrejudice And Discrimination Regarding Lgbt Essay2199 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscrimination is. Prejudice is identified as a typically negative attitude that is directed towards an individual s social status, or group. Discrimination is reported as completing a negative act, or acts, towards a group, or individuals in a group, on the bias of the same reason or reasons. Given what is known, or inferred, about prejudice and discrimination, it can be related back to how LGBT associates are effected within athletic fields. Understanding the terminology, methods of research,Read MoreThe Effects of Stereotype Threat and Self-Esteem on Task Performance3161 Words   |  13 PagesThere have been many studies on stereotype threat and self-esteem and their negative effects on task performance. These studies have focused primarily on minorities such as women, blacks, Latinos and Asians and have found that stereotype threat and self-esteem have influenced negatively in task performance. Steele (1997) investigated how self-esteem and stereotype threat affects task performance and has found that most of task failures have to do with the individual social environment. For instanceRead MoreStereotype Threat And Self Handicapping2951 Words   |  12 Pagesthe past century, stereotype threat and self handicapping have been of extreme interest to social psychologists. The reasoning behind why people react in certain ways due to the circumstances they are in is a huge discussion topic that in terests the field in big way. Stereotype threat occurs when an individual is at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about them or about one’s group (Steele Aronson, 1995). Previous research has shown that being the victim of a stereotype threat can actuallyRead MoreThe Black Swan Movie1455 Words   |  6 Pagesextreme of wanting to be the greatest is no surprise, as it is often seen in athletes’ worlds. There is pressure from the coach, the parents, and of course, from themselves. However, perfect may have a different significance for each person, it is all comparative and subjective. It is magnificent when one is motivated and strives for excellence in everything, but it is important to find out where that drive is coming from. It may be motivated by reward and praise from other people, or from an internalRead MoreFemale Athletes And Sporting Events4005 Words   |  17 PagesAbstract It is obvious in the Western culture; gender makes a difference within the sports. Several studies have shown how reality discriminates within female sporting events and athletes when compared to males. The objective of this study is to examine how male athletes and sporting events dominate over female athletes and sporting events since Title IX law was passed in 1972. The law stated that no person on the basis of sex, in the U.S. would be discriminated against in any athletics or educationalRead MoreUnderstanding the People Who Work at and Patronize Build-a-Bear Workshop8790 Words   |  36 Pagesexamining individual differences. Much of this chapter is related to interactional psychology and the advances made regarding personality and behavior in specific situations. Personality characteristics discussed include locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-monitoring, and positive/negative affect. Personality theories explained include trait theory and the integrative app roach. The chapter also examines how social perceptions influence the way we view the world and how attributionsRead MoreResearch Paper and Argument Topics4449 Words   |  18 Pagesuniversity enrollment be continued? Should the primary method of public school funding (property taxes in individual school districts) be amended to create more fairness in schools? If a university offers African-American Studies or Black Studies as courses, should it also offer European-American Studies or White Studies? How do certain television programs perpetuate racial or ethnic stereotypes? Should schools only purchase textbooks that offer revised or alternative perspectives on historicalRead MoreEssay on Television and Media Effect on the Public4834 Words   |  20 Pagesthat play a major role in the case. Research, experimentation, and actual media coverage has pinpointed actual methods used for deceptive advertising. Television influences society in many ways. People are easily swayed to acc ept a belief that they may not normally have unless expressed on television, since many people think that everything they hear on television is true. This, however, is not always the case. It has been observed that over the past twenty to thirty years, normal social behaviorRead MoreSociety Judges People Based On Matters Predetermined By2888 Words   |  12 Pages Society judges people based on matters predetermined by elements of their lifestyle. A demographic approach from birth to death greatly affects the outlook of the world and others on the planet. Understanding the refusal to accept others based on patriotism and ethnocentrism branches into our values and beliefs passing on to children and ultimately the world. The ignorance that fuels each side’s judgments. Western and Eastern worlds’ ignorance exhibit aspects of religion, culture, politics

Finding The Lost Colony Of Roanoke Essay - 2058 Words

In the late sixteenth, English put forth their effort to establish in America, specifically on Roanoke island. In 1584, English colonies found east coast of North America but not permanently settled. Until 1587. Raleigh, John White and a group of 115 English settlers arrived at Roanoke Island. Although this great achievement had inflated nation s economy and promote country’s prosperity, its reign didn’t last long. John White came back to Roanoke after 3 years of disappearance. After his arrival, John had no clue where the colonists went and the only remnant left was a single word â€Å"CROATON† carved on a wooden-post. This event has shaken the world with many possible theories and was considered as one of the most famous unsolved mysteries in American History. In this presentation, I will talk about the attempts to settle in America by the Englishmen, the mysterious absence of the colony and discoveries that we have found in the contribution of finding the lost colony of Roanoke. As the first voyage started in 1584, two brothers Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh had compassions of exploring colonization and exploiting further progress to enhance their nation. In 1578, Queen Elizabeth decided to search the unclaimed parts of North America in order to advance her naval power. At this point, Queen Elizabeth afraid of having a war with Catholic Spain. Queen Elizabeth couldn’t run from the inevitable war, she circumnavigated around the American coast to fit with her tacticsShow MoreRelatedThe Disappearance Of The Lost Colony1598 Words   |  7 PagesPlymouth, England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I to start a new life on the Outer Banks. This colony of over one hundred people disappeared from the Roanoke Island region, never to be seen again (Kramer 2). For over 400 years, historians and archeologists have attempted to determine what happened. Although there are several popular theories regarding the disappearance of the Lost Colony, the theory wi th the most evidence for being accurate is the migration theory. The two previous expeditionsRead MoreEssay Lost Colony of Roanoke967 Words   |  4 PagesFor centuries, the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island has been a controversial issue. Many theories exist that explain the disappearance of the colony. Some theories suggest that the colonists left the island to live with friendly neighboring Indians. Others suggest that a hurricane wiped out the colony or that a savage Indian tribe massacred them. The possibility of disease destroying them is also a debated topic. However, evidence indicates that the men and women left behind on Roanoke Island did not dieRead MoreThe Fate Of The Colonists1366 Words   |  6 Pagesin his colony in Roanoke, VA and came back two years later (Lane). Everything had completely vanished. How could someone leave and when they get back everything is just gone? Roanoke Colony completely vanished nothing left; no bodies, no supplies, but there are many theories dealing with the fate of the colonists. In 1584, Raleigh was granted a patent by Queen Elizabeth I to colonize in America (Lane). Raleigh sent explorers Philip Amadas, and Artur Barloue to scout the island of Roanoke. TheyRead MoreRoanoke Island: the Lost Colony1691 Words   |  7 PagesRoanoke Island: The Lost Colony Alycia Roberts HIST113 VC On July 22, 1587, long before the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth Rock, 117 hopeful colonists from England landed ashore onto a tiny island along the coast of what is today North Carolina. The group unpacked and founded a settlement, Roanoke Island. Then they vanished without a trace. The story of the Lost Colony has fascinated people across four centuries and remains one of the enduring mysteries of early America. There are several theoriesRead MoreEssay about Roanoke Colony1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lost Colony Jamestown is thought by most of to be the first colony in the New World but this is not the complete truth. Jamestown is considered our first successful colony; however it was not the first attempt at a colony. There were a few attempts to colonize the New World before Jamestown and one in particular that was the most mysterious is the Roanoke colony, also known as the Lost Colony. The colony got this name because the colonists that were there vanished mysteriously with no traceRead MoreThe Lost Colony1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lost Colony Jamestown is thought by most of to be the first colony in the New World but this is not the complete truth. Jamestown is considered our first successful colony; however it was not the first attempt at a colony. There were a few attempts to colonize the New World before Jamestown and one in particular that was the most mysterious is the Roanoke colony, also known as the Lost Colony. The colony got this name because the colonists that were there vanished mysteriously with no traceRead MoreThe Roanoke Colony On Roanoke Island911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island was an attempt by Queen Elizabeth I in the late 16th-century to make a permanent English settlement in the New World. In March 1584, Queen Elizabeth granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter for the colonization of the area of North America. This charter said that Raleigh needed to create a colony in North America, or lose his right to colonization. In April 1584, Raleigh dispatched an expedition led by Phili p Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the Eastern coastRead MoreThe Disappearance Of The Roanoke Island Colony1214 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s past is a mysterious one, riddled with unsolved questions and misleading legends. One of the most prominent enigmas that has haunted historians for centuries is the disappearance of the Roanoke Island Colony, also known to many as The Lost Colony. After leaving for three years, the governor of Roanoke Island, John White, returned to find the settlement abandon. The only remaining clue was the word â€Å"CROATOAN† carved into a fence post and the letters â€Å"CRO† etched into a nearby tree. Several diverseRead MoreEssay about The Roanoke Colony3826 Words   |  16 PagesThe Roanoke colony was located on the Roanoke Island, in Dare County. This is where North Carolina is located today. In 1584, explorers Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe were the first Europeans to set view the island. They were sent to that particular region by Sir Walter Raleigh with the assignment of exploring the extensive sounds and estuaries in hunt of an ideal location for settlement. Barlowe wrote bright information of Roanoke Island, and when the explorers returned to England a year afterwardRead More The Mystery of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Essay2868 Words   |  12 PagesMystery of the Lost Colony of Roanoke It was the age of discovery that first provoked intrigue and curiosity of new lands, particularly the Americas, and how the Europeans could expand to fit their society within the borders of this unknown and unexplored land. By the 1580s, more had been learned about the Americas, but any colonization until this point had not even been attempted. And so it was the English, under Queen Elizabeth Is rule, that were issued to establish a colony along the east

Gender Inequality in the Workplace Seen Through A Sociological Lens of Conflict Theory free essay sample

In August 2013, Mayor Bob Filner of San Diego resigned after being accused by 18 women of sexual harassment. The women accused him of groping and unwillingly kissing them. Mayor Filner denied all accusations of sexual harassment, but apologized to all of the women he offended. This case is a primary example of gender inequality in the workplace. According to the conflict theorists, hegemonic masculinity and patriarchal power cause sexual harassment, and are the primary reasons why gender inequality exists within the workplace. Gender inequality in the workplace is a social issue, because it harms the values and goals of women in society. Women in the workplace are subjected to things such as separate criteria than men for promotions, unequal pay, and discrimination due to biological conditions such as pregnancy, Quid pro quo, and sexual harassment. These situations threaten the stability of the workplace as an institution. External conflict arose in the 1960s with the feminist movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Inequality in the Workplace: Seen Through A Sociological Lens of Conflict Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movement began due to growing awareness of gender inequality, and according to Coser, enhanced social solidarity within the group. The push for change is still seen throughout society today. Gender inequality has continued in one form or another despite profound structural changes such as industrialization and the movement of production out of the household, womens accelerated movement into the labor force after WWII and most recently womens entry into male-dominated occupations. What accounts for the chameleon-like ability of gender hierarchy to reassert itself in new forms when its old structural forms erode? (McLaughlin, Uggen, and Blackstone 2008). According to Collins, conflict is over a moral rightness, and that is what this push towards equality is all about. As we analyze causality within this social issue, we discover that many theorists connect workplace gender inequality with hegemonic masculinity and patriarchal power. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects women from sex discrimination, including sexual harassment, which is the intimidation, bullying, or coercion of sexual nature. The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) also protects women from sexual harassment within the workplace, and acknowledges the presence of harassment like Quid pro quo, which is Latin for something for something. Quid pro quo is the promise of promotion or benefits in exchange for sexual favors. It can also include threats of losing ones job if they deny the request. As seen in the notes, Dahrendorf sees this as an aspect of power. Dahrendorfs theory poses the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests, meaning that if the male boss or person of higher authority wants something, they can get it done despite resistance due to their power. Although Title VII and the EEOC can protect women from some situations, inequality and sexual harassment is still prevalent within the workplace. As Coser emphasizes in understanding conflict theory, it is important to define the other when analyzing a social issue. The other within workplace gender inequality is the male. Women are the minority in situations such as the workplace, due to men practicing hegemonic masculinity. Like Weber, Coser says that conflict arises from the struggle for power. In this social issue, the struggle is for equal power- by controlling hegemonic masculinity, we can find equality. The gender pay gap is an important issue within workplace gender inequality. Women earned about 77 cents for every dollar that men earned last year, according to the Census Bureau (Berman). This pay gap is what Coser would define as an unequal distribution of scare resources based on gender. According to Cosers theory, this sort of inequality causes relative deprivation. Women are underprivileged compared to men within economics. Previous deprivations, such as before women had rights and before women began to transition into male-dominated occupations, would be labeled by Coser as absolute deprivation. Like Cosers theory suggests, although resources changed mentality did not. Society still struggles with the patriarchal paradigm that women are inferior to men. If Cosers theory is accurate now, what makes us believe it will not be accurate later and that society wont maintain this patriarchal paradigm? Dahrendorf, another conflict theorist, defines authority versus power- power is individual, while authority is social. Gender inequality exists within the workplace, because men being the gender majority, hold power over women. The fact that men are more likely to hold higher positions than women, gives men authoritative power, too. Like Coser said, this power inequality is the cause of conflict. The San Diego Mayor, Bob Filner, is a good example of someone with power who exercised sexual harassment. As a man, Mayor Filner individually held power over the women he harassed due to the sole fact that he was a male, and maybe even more because he was a white male. Mayor Filner held authoritative power over the women he harassed because he was the mayor of San Diego, California. His political career and his gender gave him power, letting him sexually harass many women and get away with it for a long period of time. Although the law, such as Title VII and the EEOC, consequently punished Mayor Filner for his actions, the fact remains that Mayor Filner caused conflict. It can be seen how hegemonic masculinity correlates with Filners actions, and how patriarchal power participates in causing and allowing sexual harassment. Gender inequality in the workplace is a social issue, because it harms the values and goals of women in society. According to the conflict theorists, hegemonic masculinity and patriarchal power cause sexual harassment, and are the primary reasons why gender inequality exist within the workplace. Since the 1960s when external conflict emerged and social solidarity formed for the fight against gender inequality, society has made a lot of changes within legislation and for social acceptance of women as being equal. Similar to how conflict emerges when norms are violated, equality will emerge when societal norms are redefined.

Social Psychology Behaviors and Thoughts of People

Question: Outline and evaluate theories on majority conformity (e.g. informational social influence and normative social influence), minority influence, obedience and social change. For each theory, you need to include research studies that relate to them? Answer: Social Psychology is the study of the science of how the feelings, behaviors and thoughts of people are swayed with the help of the imagined, actual or implied presence of others. It is usually referred to as a discipline that had previously reduced the gap between sociology and psychology. However, these two disciplines have become isolated and specialized from each other in the past few years. The sociological approaches have remained an important correspondent to psychological research in this field. Conformity is used for indicating an agreement to the majority position, which is brought to the forefront to be correct, to be liked or to confirm a social role. [1] There are four categories of majority Conformity namely Normative Conformity, Informational Conformity, Compliance and Internalization. Normative Conformity yields to group pressure because an individual wants to fit in with a particular group. This can be explained by Aschs experiment. Solomon Asch conducted an experiment in 1951 to examine the extent to which social pressure from a group (majority) could influence an individual to confirm. After the experiment, it was proved that people confirm for two main reasons: firstly, they want to fit in with the particular group and secondly, they believe that the group has better information than they have.[2] The next theory is Informational Social Influence, which is a psychological phenomenon where an individual assumes the action of another individual to reflect the correct form of behavior for a particular situation. When an individual is in a state where he/she is not sure of their behavior and look to other individuals for correctin g his/her behavior, it is known as Informational Social Influence. Individuals are influenced by the behavior of others and make changes in their behavior accordingly. This can be proved by Sherifs Autokinetic Effect Experiment, which he conducted in the year 1935. Sherif conducted an experiment to demonstrate and prove that individuals confirm to norms of different groups when they are put in an uncertain and ambiguous situation. The results revealed that when an individual is in an uncertain situation, he has a natural tendency to imitate the behavior of other individuals to seek guidance. He may want to perform the right thing, but may lack the information, which is appropriate. When he observes others, he gains information about that particular situation and this is known as Informational Social Conformity[3]. Minority Influence is a form of social influence and it takes place when an individual of a minority group persuades a majority of people to accept the behavior or beliefs of the minority group. The minority group at the personal level feels this particular influence after a specific period and it tends to create acceptance of views and thoughts expressed. This statement can be related to the views of Moscovici, who made a distinction between conversion and compliance. Compliance is a very common term in the study of conformation, where the participants confirm to the norms of the group publicly. On the other hand, Conversion includes the influence of minority on the majority group. It involves the process of convincing the majority group that the views and thoughts of the minority group are correct. Moscovici also said that there are four factors, which influence the majority group to agree to the views of the minority group. The factors are thinking style, behavioral style, identif ication and flexibility. Obedience, in psychological terms, is compliance with orders or commands given by an authoritative figure. A research study (known as the obedience study) was conducted by the social psychologist Stanley Milgram (in the 1960s). The results of the experiment proved that individuals have a very strong tendency to have compliance with authoritative figures.[5] The sociologist found several factors that increase Obedience. Obedience was highest when: The commands were given by authoritative figures rather than any other volunteer The experiments were conducted at prestigious institutions The authoritative figure remained present with the said subject inside the room The learner was present in another room The subject did not watch other subjects disobeying the commands or orders. Social change can be referred to as an alteration in the social order of a particular society. It involves changes in social behaviors relations and institutions. It is a philosophical idea that believes that society moves forward by evolutionary or dialectical means. There are many theories that are related to Social change. They are the Marxist theory, the Hegelian theory, the Kuhnian theory, the Daoist theory and the Heraclitan theory. These theories proved that social change is a combination of systematic factors with some unique or random factors. [6] The Social structure includes the enduring patterns of relationship networks and behavior. Social Psychology includes social cognition, group processes, self-concepts, social influence, aggression, interpersonal processes, stereotypes and attitudes. It helps in analyzing the views and behavior of an individual and their dependency on other individuals to perform the correct thing. References Bernstein D,Psychology(Wadsworth, Cengage Learning 2012) Ciccarelli S and White J,Psychology(Pearson Prentice Hall 2012) Martin G, Carlson N and Buskist W,Psychology(Pearson 2013) Schacter D and others,Psychology(Palgrave Macmillan 2012) Shaver K,Principles Of Social Psychology(Taylor and Francis 2015) Tan L and Montague Jane M,Applied Psychology(World Scientific 2015) [1] Daniel L Schacter and others,Psychology(Palgrave Macmillan 2012). [2] G. Neil Martin, Neil R Carlson and William Buskist,Psychology(Pearson 2013). [3] Kelly G Shaver,Principles Of Social Psychology(Taylor and Francis 2015). [4] Saundra K Ciccarelli and J. Noland White,Psychology(Pearson Prentice Hall 2012). [5] Douglas A Bernstein,Psychology(Wadsworth, Cengage Learning 2012). [6] Kelly G Shaver,Principles Of Social Psychology(Taylor and Francis 2015).